流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎之间的异同
美国心脏协会沙巴足球体育平台，Michael Merschel报道
的 viruses that cause the 流感 和 新型冠状病毒肺炎 are not the same, 和 the diseases are different, too. 但它们有很多共同之处，包括保护自己的方式.
You can imagine the viruses as different kinds of dangerous animals – but "both can bite you,”医生说。. Priya Sampathkumar, head of the infection control program at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.
更准确地说，流感是由几种不同的病毒株引起的. 甲型和乙型流感是引发流感季节的病毒. 新型冠状病毒肺炎 is caused by a virus called SARS-CoV-2, which was first identified in late 2019.
的 疾病控制和预防中心 流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎的症状可以从轻微到严重. Both illnesses can cause fatigue, body aches, fever, chills, coughing or headache. Shortness of breath, runny nose 和 loss of taste or smell are more common with 新型冠状病毒肺炎.
单从症状来看, “真的没有好的方法来区分流感和COVID感染,Sampathkumar说.
她说，两者的传播方式相似. 这两种病毒都在上呼吸道繁殖. When people who are infected cough or speak, virus-laden respiratory droplets are expelled. 吸入这些微粒的人会生病.
But SARS-CoV-2 is more contagious than the 流感 viruses, 她说, partly because it's new to humans. “因为流感已经存在了很长沙巴足球体育平台, most of us are partially immune either by vaccination or through previous exposures to 流感, 这就是为什么我们大多数人都不会病得很重吗."
这两种病毒都可以在感染者出现症状之前传播. 疾病预防控制中心 says a person infected with 新型冠状病毒肺炎 could be contagious about two days before having symptoms compared to one day for most people with the 流感. And people with 新型冠状病毒肺炎 could be contagious longer from the onset of symptoms – at least 10 days as opposed to seven days with the 流感.
虽然这两种疾病都是致命的, 自冠状病毒出现以来，它造成了更大的破坏. 在 2018-2019年流感季节, in流感enza caused 34,157 deaths in the United States根据… CDC estimates. 2020年，新型冠状病毒肺炎是美国345,323人死亡的根本原因.S.根据… CDC临时数据.
此外，这些疾病针对的人群也不尽相同. "Probably the major difference between 流感 和 COVID is the behavior of the disease in very young children,Sampathkumar说. “很小的孩子似乎不太可能患上COVID.“另一方面，流感实际上往往会让很小的孩子病得很重."
疾控中心列出了 几个基本条件 使某人更有可能因新型冠状病毒肺炎而患上重病. 心脏病就是其中之一. 德博拉·权(Deborah Kwon)是克利夫兰诊所的心脏病专家和心脏MRI主任.
"的re have been multiple studies looking at predictors of those who had severe infection, 加护病房, 住院和死亡,她说. "And cardiovascular disease was one of the strong independent risk factors for severe complications 和 mortality related to COVID."
这两种病毒也对心脏和大脑构成严重威胁. 2018年的一项研究 新英格兰医学杂志 found the risk of heart attack was six times higher in the week after someone was diagnosed with the 流感. 新型冠状病毒肺炎, 心脏损伤 可能发生. 流感与 中风风险更高新型冠状病毒肺炎也是如此.
Kwon说，流感和新型冠状病毒肺炎都会在体内引发类似的反应. 每一种疾病都“使免疫系统敏感或加速”," triggering inflammatory responses as the body's defense mechanisms try to eradicate the invaders.
这两种病毒也会导致血小板过度活跃, 或者特别粘, 导致血凝块, Kwon说.
幸运的是，类似的措施可以预防这两种疾病. Wearing a mask 和 physical distancing helps stop the spread of respiratory viruses. 勤洗手至少20秒也是如此.
然后是疫苗.
疾病预防控制中心 建议使用新型冠状病毒肺炎疫苗 12岁及以上的人都可以. 三种疫苗 目前可供不同年龄组别使用, 食品和药物管理局的顾问小组 预定会面 本月晚些时候将审查辉瑞疫苗在5至11岁儿童中的数据. 这些疫苗有助于降低人们患病的风险, 尤其是那些可能导致住院和死亡的严重疾病.
疾病预防控制中心 also recommends almost everyone 6 months 和 older get a 流感 shot by the end of October. 对于心脏病患者, the 流感 vaccine can lower the risk of dying from heart problems 和 any other cause, 根据3月份发表在《沙巴足球体育平台》杂志上的一项研究 美国心脏协会杂志.
流感病毒不断进化，所以疫苗每年都要重新配制. This year's vaccines are designed to protect against the four 流感 viruses most likely to spread during the upcoming season.
但困惑依然存在. 根据… 近期网上调查 1000美元.S. 为美国心脏协会进行的调查, 27%的人错误地认为你可以通过疫苗感染流感. 12%的人认为你不能同时接种新型冠状病毒肺炎和流感疫苗. 但疾控中心说，你可以. 两者你都需要.
"的 新型冠状病毒肺炎 vaccine isn't going to give you any cross-protection from the 流感, 流感疫苗根本不能保护你免受COVID的侵害,Sampathkumar说.
在一起, 它们提供了额外的保护层, 她说, 因为“只要你受到一次感染, 这会削弱你的身体，使你更容易受到其他感染. 所以我们希望你能免受这两种伤害."
Getting either disease carries much greater risk overall than any of the extremely rare complications from the 新型冠状病毒肺炎 和 流感 疫苗本身. And they do more than help protect the vaccinated person – they protect the health of those around them.
In that sense, Kwon说, both vaccinations are about "wanting to care for 和 love our neighbors."
Sampathkumar同意.
"If you're young 和 healthy, it's true that you may not get very ill from in流感enza,她说. “但是通过接种疫苗, you reduce the chances that you'll have a mild or asymptomatic infection 和 pass it on to others.“这可以保护那些可能对疫苗反应不佳的人, 比如老年人或免疫功能低下的人.
所以，Sampathkumar说，“不仅为自己，也为他人."
Editor's note: Because of the rapidly evolving events surrounding the coronavirus, the facts 和 advice presented in this story may have changed since publication. 访问的心.Org获取最新报道, 和 check with the 疾病控制和预防中心 和 local health officials for the most recent guidance.
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